Types of Substance Use Disorders | OmniQuake Recovery Advisors

Not all addictions are the same. Different substances interact with the brain in unique ways, produce different effects, and require tailored treatment approaches. Understanding these distinctions helps families make informed decisions about care.

Alcohol Use Disorder

Alcohol

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that affects GABA receptors, producing relaxation and lowered inhibitions. It's the most commonly abused substance due to its legal status and social acceptance.

Withdrawal risks: Can be life-threatening; seizures, delirium tremens possible

Treatment notes: Medical detox often required; medications like naltrexone may help

Opioid Use Disorder

Opioids (Heroin, Fentanyl, Prescription Painkillers)

Opioids bind to receptors in the brain that control pain and pleasure, creating intense euphoria and physical dependence. The opioid epidemic has made this one of the most deadly substance use disorders.

Withdrawal risks: Extremely uncomfortable but rarely life-threatening; flu-like symptoms

Treatment notes: MAT (Suboxone, methadone) highly effective; reduces overdose risk

Stimulant Use Disorder

Stimulants (Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Adderall)

Stimulants increase dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, producing energy, confidence, and euphoria. They can cause severe psychological dependence and significant brain changes.

Withdrawal risks: Primarily psychological; depression, fatigue, intense cravings

Treatment notes: No FDA-approved medications; behavioral therapies are primary treatment

Benzodiazepine Use Disorder

Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium, Klonopin)

Benzodiazepines enhance GABA effects similar to alcohol, producing sedation and anxiety relief. Often prescribed legitimately, dependence can develop even with prescribed use.

Withdrawal risks: Potentially life-threatening; seizures possible; requires slow taper

Treatment notes: Medical supervision essential; gradual dose reduction over weeks/months

Cannabis Use Disorder

Cannabis (Marijuana)

Cannabis affects cannabinoid receptors throughout the brain. While often perceived as harmless, today's high-potency products can lead to dependence, especially with early or heavy use.

Withdrawal risks: Mild; irritability, sleep problems, decreased appetite

Treatment notes: Outpatient treatment often sufficient; behavioral approaches effective

Key Takeaway

The type of substance matters for treatment planning. Medical detox requirements, medication options, and therapy approaches all vary based on the specific substance involved. A proper assessment ensures your loved one receives appropriate care.

Types of Substance Use Disorders Explained